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Water Resistivity Formula:
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Water resistivity (ρ) is a measure of how strongly water opposes the flow of electric current. It is an important parameter in water quality assessment, environmental studies, and various industrial applications.
The calculator uses the resistivity formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the intrinsic property of water to resist electrical current flow, independent of the sample dimensions.
Details: Water resistivity measurement is crucial for assessing water purity, monitoring environmental contamination, and in various industrial processes where water quality affects performance and safety.
Tips: Enter resistance in ohms (Ω), cross-sectional area in square meters (m²), and length in meters (m). All values must be positive numbers greater than zero.
Q1: What is the typical resistivity range for pure water?
A: Ultra-pure water can have resistivity up to 18.2 MΩ·cm (182 kΩ·m) at 25°C, while drinking water typically ranges from 10-1000 Ω·m.
Q2: How does temperature affect water resistivity?
A: Water resistivity decreases with increasing temperature due to increased ionic mobility. Measurements are often standardized to 25°C.
Q3: What factors influence water resistivity?
A: Dissolved ions, temperature, pH, and the presence of contaminants significantly affect water resistivity measurements.
Q4: How is resistivity different from conductivity?
A: Resistivity is the reciprocal of conductivity. While resistivity measures opposition to current flow, conductivity measures the ability to conduct electric current.
Q5: What are common applications of water resistivity measurement?
A: Applications include water purification monitoring, environmental testing, semiconductor manufacturing, pharmaceutical production, and power plant water treatment.