1. What is Norton's Theorem?

Norton's Theorem is a fundamental principle in electrical circuit analysis that states any linear electrical network with voltage and current sources and resistances can be replaced at a pair of terminals by an equivalent current source (I_N) in parallel with a single resistance (R_N).

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Norton's theorem formula:

Where:

• \( I_N \) — Norton equivalent current (A)
• \( V_{th} \) — Thevenin equivalent voltage (V)
• \( R_{th} \) — Thevenin equivalent resistance (Ω)

Explanation: The formula calculates the Norton equivalent current by dividing the Thevenin voltage by the Thevenin resistance of the circuit.

3. Importance of Norton's Theorem

Details: Norton's theorem is crucial for simplifying complex electrical circuits, analyzing circuit behavior, and solving network problems in electrical engineering and electronics.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter Thevenin voltage in volts (V), Thevenin resistance in ohms (Ω). Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the relationship between Norton and Thevenin theorems?
A: Norton and Thevenin theorems are duals of each other. A Norton equivalent circuit can be converted to a Thevenin equivalent and vice versa using the formula V_th = I_N × R_N.

Q2: When should I use Norton's theorem?
A: Use Norton's theorem when you need to analyze circuits with current sources or when dealing with parallel circuit configurations.

Q3: What are the limitations of Norton's theorem?
A: Norton's theorem applies only to linear circuits and cannot be used for nonlinear elements like diodes or transistors operating in nonlinear regions.

Q4: How do I find Thevenin equivalent parameters?
A: V_th is the open-circuit voltage across the terminals, and R_th is the equivalent resistance seen from the terminals with all independent sources turned off.

Q5: Can Norton's theorem be used for AC circuits?
A: Yes, Norton's theorem can be extended to AC circuits using impedance instead of resistance and considering phasor quantities.